Indonesia's Diplomacy Towards the Free Papua Organization (OPM)

Abstract

Para diplomacy is conducted by a sub-nation entity, such as the Free Papua Organization (OPM), a representative of groups within the state to gain independence. Indonesia has had long negotiation experience with separatist groups, such as the Republic of South Maluku (RMS), pro-independence in East Timor (Fretilin), and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). Indonesia's diplomacy with the three movements has succeeded in solving the problem with various peace agreements. Since 1967, with the signing of the referendum, Indonesia still had to resolve various issues that led to the demand for independence. This paper analyzes Indonesia's diplomacy towards OPM by implementing SWAA instruments, namely Strength, Weakness, Advocacy and Adversary, in bilateral and multilateral context. Based on para diplomacy’s main objectives to reinforce identity claims, build and assert claims through actions to influence the international community, the analysis is focused on Indonesian efforts to weaken claims. The purpose of the study is to determine the supporting factors or challenges of OPM’s para diplomacy. The study would become a reference to the government and decision makers while from a theoretical aspect, would enrich understanding of para diplomacy. Hopefully that the study could support the Indonesian vision to maintain state sovereignty and integrity.