Correlation between 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Serum Levels with Contrast Sensitivity, Color Vision and Visual Fields in Moderate-High Myopia

Abstract

Background: Myopia is a visual impairment problem that constantly increases, causing public health problems and economic burdens globally. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with decreased visual acuity as well as visual function. Objective: To determine the correlation between 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum levels with contrast sensitivity, color vision, and visual fields in moderate-high myopia. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Visual function tests performed were visual acuity test, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart, pseudoisochromatic Ishihara, Humphrey visual field analyzer, and ELISA test for 25(OH)D. Results: The sample of this study was 50 subjects with moderate to high myopia consisting of 39 females (60%) with a mean age of 26.62±3.70 years. The distribution of moderate myopia and high myopia was 30% and 20% with a mean spherical equivalent of -5.11±1.54 D. Spearman correlation analysis found no statistically significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D and contrast sensitivity (p=0.132, r=0.216). Color vision was homogeneous in all patients, Fischer's exact analysis of the visual field in the right eye (p=0.001), and in the left eye (p=0.132). Subjects with vitamin D deficiency were 24 patients (48%), and with vitamin D insufficiency was 1 subject (2%), with an average level of 25(OH)D 44.56±41.45 ng/ml. Conclusions: Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were not correlated to contrast sensitivity and color vision. However, a significant correlation between 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum levels with the visual field in one eye was found.