Effect of Atmospheric Deposition of Pollutants on the Concentration of Trace Metals on Some Sun-Dried Food Items Dried at a Non-Vehicular Corridor in Ile-Ife Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.7(1).2023.29Keywords:
atmospheric deposition, heavy metals, essential elements, concentration, sun-dried, farm productsAbstract
The effect of atmospheric pollution on some sun-dried food items in Ile-Ife, Nigeria was investigated. Six farm produce: cassava (Manihot esculenta), plantain (Musa x paradisiaca), white yam (Dioscorea rotundata), yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis), red cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) were exposed, for different hours (0 h, 8 h, 20 h, 32 h, 42 h), to the sun at a location far from vehicular activities. Exposed samples were digested and analyzed for Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cd, and Pb using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of Cu, in exposed samples, ranged from mg/kg in sweet potato (32 h exposure) to mg/kg in cocoyam (0 h exposure), while the concentration of Zn ranged from mg/kg in plantain (42 h exposure) to mg/kg in cocoyam (0 h exposure). On the other hand, the concentration of Mn ranged from mg/kg in plantain (42 h exposure) to mg/kg in sweet potato (0 h exposure). Furthermore, the concentration of Ni ranged from mg/kg in yellow yam (32 h exposure) to mg/kg in the plantain (32 h exposure). The concentration of Cd ranged from mg/kg in cassava (32 h exposure) to mg/kg in plantain (20 h exposure). In comparison, the concentration of Pb ranged from mg/kg in cassava (20 h exposure) to mg/kg in plantain (20 h exposure). The study observed that there was no particular pattern in the effect of atmospheric deposition of the pollutants, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cd, and Pb, on the concentration of these pollutants in the sun-dried farm products, for the different exposure hours. The study believed that the non-uniform pattern could result from differences in the concentrations of the pollutants in the atmosphere. It could also be a result of the different water retention abilities of the respective farm products, which may impact the absorption or evaporation of deposited pollutants on these farm products.
References
Adebayo, K. S., & Rapheal, O. (2011). Survey of heavy metal contaminations of cassava mash and maize corns dried along the highways in some selected states in northern part of Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(5), 561–571.
Ahogle, A. M. A., Letema, S., Schaab, G., Ngure, V., Mwesigye, A. R., & Korir, N. K. (2023). Heavy metals and trace elements contamination risks in peri-urban agricultural soils in Nairobi city catchment, Kenya. Frontiers in Soil Science, 2, 76. DOI:10.3389/fsoil.2022.1048057
Andjelkovic, M., Buha Djordjevic, A., Antonijevic, E., Antonijevic, B., Stanic, M., Kotur-Stevuljevic, J., ... & Bulat, Z. (2019). Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat blood, liver, and kidney. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 274. doi:10.3390/ijerph16020274.
Bhowmik, D., Chiranjib, K., & Kumar, S. (2010). A potential medicinal importance of zinc in human health and chronic. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, 1(1), 5-11.
Bolade, M. K. (2016). An investigation into the level of metallic pollutants in roadside-sundried food products from selected areas of Ondo and Osun states, Nigeria. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1179161
Brown, K. H., Wuehler, S. E. & Peerson, J. M. (2001). The importance of zinc in human nutrition and estimation of the global prevalence of zinc deficiency. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 22(2), 113-125.
Corguinha, A. P. B., Souza, G. A., Gonc?alves, V. C., Carvalho, C. A., Lima, W. E. A., Martins, F. A. D., Yamanaka, C. H., Francisco, E. A. B., & Guilherme, L. R. G. (2014). Assessing arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents in major crops in Brazil for food safety purposes. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 37, 143-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2014.08.004.
Devi, C. B., Nandakishore, T., Sangeeta, N., Basar, G., Devi, N. O., Jamir, S., & Singh, M. A. (2014). Zinc in human health. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13(7), 18-23.
Dibofori-Orji, A. N., & Edori, O. S. (2015). Analysis of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn) in processed cassava flour (garri) sold along the road side of a busy highway. Archives of Applied Science Research, 7(2), 15-19.
Eludoyin, O. M. & Adelekan, I. O (2012). The physiologic climate of Nigeria. International Journal of Biometeorology, 57, 241-264. DOI: 10.1007/s00484-012-0549-3.
Fallah, A., Mohammad-Hasani, A., & Colagar, A. H. (2018). Zinc is an Essential Element for Male Fertility: A Review of Zn Roles in Men’s Health, Germination, Sperm Quality, and Fertilization. Journal of Reproductive Infertility, 19(2), 69-81.
Godt, J., Scheidig, F., Grosse-Siestrup, C., Esche, V., Brandenburg, P., Reich, A., et al. (2006). The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 1(1), 1–6. Doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-1-22.
Karim, N. (2018). Copper and Human Health- A Review. Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, 8(2), 117-122. DOI:10.51985/jbumdc2018046.
Kumar, A. & Seema (2016). Accumulation of heavy Metals in Soil and Green Leafy Vegetables, Irrigated with Wastewater. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 10(10), 8-19. DOI: 10.9790/2402-1010020819.
Maitera, N. O., Hitler, L., & George, C. (2018). Determination of The Level of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Soil and Water Within the Vicinity of Gashaka Gumti-National Park, Taraba State, Nigeria. Open Access Journal of Chemistry, 2(14), 27-34.
Malinidevi, K. & Inbanila, T. (2016). Comparative study on heavy metal concentration in ground water and soil samples in and around sipcot industrial complex, cuddalore district. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(4), 2620-2623.
Motas, M., Jim?nez, S., Oliva, J., C?mara, M. ?., & P?rez-C?rceles, M. D. (2021). Heavy metals and trace elements in human breast milk from industrial/mining and agricultural zones of southeastern Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9289. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179289
Nordberg, G. F., Bernard, A., Diamond, G. L., Duffus, J. H., Illing, P., & Nordberg, M. (2018). Risk assessment of effects of cadmium on human health (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 90(4), 755–808. Doi: 10.1515/pac-2016-0910
Obanijesu, E. O., & Olajide, J. O. (2009). Trace Metal Pollution Study on Cassava Flour’s Roadside Drying Technique in Nigeria. In Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Developing World (pp. 333–339). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9139-1_32
Odekunle, T. O. (2004). Rainfall and the length of the growing season in Nigeria. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 24(4), 467-479. DOI: 10.1002/joc.1012
Olivares, M. & Uauy, R. (1996). Copper as an essential nutrient. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63, 791S-796S.
Orisakwe, O. E., Oladipo, O. O., Ajaezi, G. C., & Udowelle, N. A. (2017). Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Heavy Metals in Farm Produce and Livestock around Lead-Contaminated Goldmine in Dareta and Abare, Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2017, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3506949
Owoade, O.K., Jegede, O. O., Ayoola, M. A., Fawole, O. G., Bashiru, M. I., Olise, F. S., & Ogundele, L. T. (2013). Concentrations of particulate matter from an iron-smelting plant located along a busy highway in southwestern Nigeria. Ife Journal of Science, 15(1), 31–39.
Pilarczyk, R., W?jcik, J., Czerniak, P., Sablik, P., Pilarczyk, B., & Tomza-Marciniak, A. (2013). Concentrations of toxic heavy metals and trace elements in raw milk of Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cows from organic farm. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 185, 8383–8392. DOI 10.1007/s10661-013-3180-9
Prashanth, L., Kattapagari, K. K., Chitturi, R. T., Baddam, V. R. R., & Prasad, L. K. (2015). A review on role of essential trace elements in health and disease. Journal of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, 4(2), 75-85.
Rai, P. K., Lee, S. S., Zhang, M., Tsang, Y. F., & Kim, K. H. (2019). Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management. Environment International, 125, 365-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.067
Satarug, S. (2018). Dietary cadmium intake and its effects on kidneys. Toxics, 6(1), 1–23. Doi: 10.3390/toxics6010015
Silva, C. S., Moutinho, C., Ferreira da Vinha, A., & Matos, C. (2019). Trace minerals in human health: Iron, zinc, copper, manganese and fluorine. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology, 13(3), 57-80.
Soetan, K. O., Olaiya, C. O. & Oyewole, O. E. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review. African Journal of Food Science, 4(5), 200-222.
Temple, V. J. & Masta, A. (2004). Zinc in human health. Papua New Guinea Medical Journal, 47(3-4), 146-158.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Terms and conditions of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License apply to all published manuscripts. This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This licence allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs and other platforms by providing appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
A competing interest exists when professional judgment concerning the validity of research is influenced by a secondary interest, such as financial gain. We require that our authors reveal all possible conflicts of interest in their submitted manuscripts.
The Editor reserves the right to shorten and adjust texts. Significant changes in the text will be agreed with the Authors.
ISSN 
