Developing WQI Method to Assess Surface Water Quality in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam

Ton That Lang; Lam Van Tan; Huynh Quyen; Huynh Thanh Tam; Nguyen Thi My Hanh

doi:10.59573/emsj.9(1).2025.20

Автор(и)

Ton That Lang
Lam Van Tan
Huynh Quyen
Huynh Thanh Tam
Nguyen Thi My Hanh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.9(1).2025.20

Ключові слова:

WQI, water quality, Vietnam

Анотація

In this study, the assessment of surface water quality in Ben Tre was conducted based on the province's monitoring data in 2022 and 2023, and the research team conducted additional monitoring in 2024 in 2 seasons (rainy and dry) with 18 parameters: pH, temperature, DO, Turbidity, COD, BOD, TSS, Ammonium, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Nickel, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Coliform, E. coli, and total grease. The study typically focused on 5 areas: (1) main river and canal areas; (2) areas flowing through cities and towns; (3) river areas supplying water to water supply plants; (4) surface water in intra-field canals; (5) surface water in lakes. The average WQI calculation results for 6 periods at 53 locations in 2022 were 82-91. In 2023, at 60 locations, the average WQI reached 85-93; in 2024, it was 71-94; all met the purpose of providing domestic water and also needed appropriate treatment measures. From this result, the interpolation map of surface water quality in Ben Tre was established, contributing additional data sources for surface water resource management in the province.

Посилання

Abbasi, S.A. (2002). Water quality indices, state of the art report. National Institute of Hydrology, scientific contribution no. INCOH/SAR-25/2002, Roorkee: INCOH, pp 73.

Alobaidy, A., Abid, H. & Maulood, B. (2010) Application of Water Quality Index for Assessment of Dokan Lake Ecosystem, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2, 792-798. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2010.29093

Baroni, L., Cenci, L., Tettamanti, M., & Berati, M. (2007). Evaluating the environmental impact of various dietary patterns combined with different food production systems. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(2), 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602522

Ben Tre Provincial People's Committee. (2023). Summary report on Ben Tre province planning for the period 2021-2030, vision to 2050.

Ben Tre Provincial Statistics Office. (2024). Ben Tre Statistical Yearbook 2023.

Bhargava, D. S. (1983). Use of water quality index for river classification and zoning of Ganga River. Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical, 6(1), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(83)90029-0

Das Kangabam, R., Bhoominathan, S. D., Kanagaraj, S., & Govindaraju, M. (2017). Development of a water quality index (WQI) for the Loktak Lake in India. Applied Water Science, 7, 2907-2918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-017-0579-4

Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Ben Tre province. (2020). Report on the current environmental status of Ben Tre province in the period 2016 - 2020.

Department of Natural Resources and Environment. (2022). Summary report on environmental monitoring results of Ben Tre province in 2022.

Department of Natural Resources and Environment. (2023). Summary report on environmental monitoring results of Ben Tre province in 2023.

Duc, T.C. (2014). Research on assessing the current status of heavy metal pollution (As, Cd, Pb) in soil, water and vegetables in some vegetable growing areas in the suburban area of Thai Nguyen City. Master's thesis. University of Natural Sciences, VNU.

General Department of Environment. (2019). Decision No. 1640/QD-TCMT dated November 12, 2019 of the General Department of Environment on promulgating Technical guidelines for calculating and publishing the Vietnam water quality index (VN-WQI).

Hoseinzadeh, E., Khorsandi, H., Wei, C., & Alipour, M. (2015). Evaluation of Aydughmush river water quality using the national sanitation foundation water quality index (NSFWQI), river pollution index (RPI), and forestry water quality index (FWQI). Desalination and water treatment, 54(11), 2994-3002.

Khanh, P.T., Vu, N.V.T., & Ngoc, T.T.H. (2023). Assessment of water quality in Bung Binh Thien using WQI index integrated with GIS and Remote Sensing. Journal of Hydro-Meteorology, 745, 51-64. https://doi.org/10.36335/VNJHM.2023(745).51-64

Kılıç, Z. (2020). The importance of water and conscious use of water. International Journal of Hydrology, 4(5), 239-241. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00250

Lumb, A., Halliwell, D., & Sharma, T. (2006). Application of CCME Water Quality Index to monitor water quality: A case study of the Mackenzie River basin, Canada. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 113, 411-429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9092-6

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2007). National Environmental Report 2006: Current status of water environment in three river basins of Cau, Nhue - Day and Dong Nai river system. Hanoi.

Ngoc, N.T.B., Quynh, L.T.P., et al. (2015). Initial determination of the content of some heavy metals in the Red River water environment. Journal of Science and Technology, 53(1), 64.

Northern Environmental Monitoring Center. (2019). Report on water monitoring results of Cau, Hong - Thai Binh, Nhue - Day river basins in 2017, 2018.

Şener, Ş., Şener, E., & Davraz, A. (2017). Evaluation of water quality using water quality index (WQI) method and GIS in Aksu River (SW-Turkey). Science of the Total Environment, 584, 131-144.

Shiji, M., Sabitha, A. R., Prabhakar, K., & Harikumar, P. S. (2016). Water quality assessment of Kavvayi Lake of northern Kerala, India using CCME water quality index and biological water quality criteria. Journal of Environmental biology, 37(6), 1265.

Son, C.T., et al. (2018). Assessment of water quality of Cam Son lake in Luc Ngan district, Bac Giang province. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7, 22-27.

Son, C.T., et al. (2019). Assessment of water quality of some rivers in Gia Lam district using water quality index - WQI. Journal of Science and Technology, 200(07), 133-140.

Tra, H. T. L., Son, C. T., Nui, N. H., & Hoa, B. P. K. (2016). Comparison of two pig-farming systems in impact on the quality of surface and groundwater in Hanoi, Vietnam. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 5(1), 11-19.

Tuan, D.H., Mung, V. T., & Cuong, D.M. (2017). Assessment of water quality of green lake in An Son commune, Thuy Nguyen district, Hai Phong city by water quality index (WQI), eutrophication index (TSI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 33(1S), 45-54.

UNEP International Environment. (2002). Environmentally Sound Technology for Wastewater and Stormwater Management: An International Source Book. IWA. ISBN 978-1-84339-008-4. OCLC 49204666.