Comparative Physico-Chemical Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Dracaena arborea Stems Processed by Acid and Alkali Hydrolysis

J. I. Ordu; J. N. Oraeluno

doi:10.59573/emsj.7(6).2023.12

Авторы

J. I. Ordu
J. N. Oraeluno

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.7(6).2023.12

Ключевые слова:

D. arborea stem, hydrolysis, microcrystalline cellulose, extraction, processing

Аннотация

Cellulose, an abundant renewable biodegradable polymer, is often recognized as a potential feedstock for chemical productions with its versatility being extended as a useful structural and functional material for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. It is a straight chain polymer constituent in cell walls of most plants consisting of D-glucose units devoid of coiling or branching. Three basic types of cellulose existing in nature are alpha (?), beta (?), and gamma (?). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which occurs in the form of purified and partially depolymerized ?-cellulose from plants such as D. arborea stem, was derived by severe alkaline and acid hydrolysis. The MCC derived was of the percentage yield, 54.3 and 61.05%, and pH of 7.80 and 6.80 respectively, from the two hydrolytic pathways. Physico-technical analysis resulted in values similar to those recommended in the official monograph. Proximate principles of the extracted MCC depicted similar percentage fiber, lipid and protein content, as 65.78%, 0.6 and 0.4% respectively. Elemental analysis also showed similar composition of sodium and iron content as 41% and 35% respectively with absence of lead and other deleterious materials. FTIR analysis suggested the presence of carbonyl groups, 6- membered cyclic ring (aromatic structure) with ortho and meta - OH substitution and long aliphatic chains. Micromeritic analysis of the MCC gave average particle size of 112.46µm, coefficient of curvature (Cc) and coefficient of uniformity (Cu) as 1.14 and 1.23 for acid hydrolysed and average particle size of 358µm, Cc (1.003) and Cu (1.204) for alkaline hydrolysed. The x-ray diffraction study gave a percentage crystallinity index (CI) of 9.09 at 2q = 22 and 2q = 34 especially for alkaline hydrolysed although that of the acid hydrolysed was not determined but the percentage CI was suspected to be higher based on the particle size index.

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